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Transmission Media


Transmission media means to send the data from one place to another place through some medium like wire or wireless. The transmission media or medium can be classified into two categories Wired Transmission Media and Wireless Transmission Media.

Wired Transmission Media
Wired transmission media or medium uses wires or cables to transmit data from one place to another place. In this type of medium we use wires or cables. The data is transferred in the form of electrical or light signal. There are various types of cables that can be used for setting up a network. Some of them are as follows:
Twisted pair cable was invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881. It is the most widely used medium for telecommunication. It consists of copper wires that are twisted into pairs. An ordinary telephone wire consists of two insulated copper wires twisted into pairs. Computer networking cables consists of four pair of copper wire that can be utilized for both voice and data transmission.
Twisted pair cables are of two types – Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP). This UTP cable is mostly used in computer networking.


STP

UTP
Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable was invented by an English engineer and mathematician, Oliver Heaviside, in 1880. The cable consists of a copper or aluminium wire wrapped with an insulating layer of a flexible material. The insulating layer is surrounded by a conductive layer called shield, which is finally covered with a thin insulating layer on the outside.
Fibre Optic Cable
The Optical Fibre or Fibre Optic cable consists of a central glass core, surrounded by several layers of protective materials. Optical fibre cable has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances than twisted pair and coaxial cable. It also transfers data much faster than the two cables. Because of these optical fibre networks we can use the internet at much faster speed. If optical cable would not be there then we might face lot of issue in video conferencing, online gaming, etc.
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