IRIS EDUCATION

Computer Architecture and Networks Types of Computer Networks There are various types of computer network which are widely used. These networks are classified according to the geographical area coverage. Basically there are four types of computer networks: Personal Area Network (PAN) – A PAN is a computer network which is connected around a person. It is used to communicate between devices like printers, phones, etc. Local Area Network (LAN) – In LAN two or more computers and peripheral devices are connected within a small area such as room, an office building, etc. In LAN computer terminals are physically connected with wires. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – A MAN is a network which covers more area than a LAN. It spreads across a city that is why it is called Metropolitan area network. Cable TV, Telephone Networks, etc. are some common example of MAN. Wide Area Network (WAN) – A wide area network is a telecommunication network that spread across cities, count...

Python is a widely used interpreted, interactive, object-oriented and high-level programming language. It was created by Guido Van Rossum in February 20, 1991. Python is a very simple programming language so even if you are new to programming, you can learn python without facing any issues. The syntax of python program is as simple as like maths formula. Now let us learn some key points in the above statement: Interpretable or interpreted – The interpreter is used mostly for scripting languages like python, Visual Basic, Java, etc. which directly executes the code by converting it into an intermediate code (common code) usually called the byte code. This byte code is platform independent which can later be run on different platforms so the code is portable. Interactive – Python is an interactive language because you can see the output of the written command on the python prompt.  Object Oriented – Python supports Object-Oriented style or technique of programming that ...

Components of a network Component means parts, through which the network is made up of, some of them are: Modem – Modem is a device which helps the computer to send the data over networks. Usually the data is transmitted from one place to another place in the form of analog signal, but the computer processes digital data so the modem helps to convert this digital data into analog signal and send this data through telephone line or with the help of some other media. The word modem is derived from the term modulator and demodulator which mean to modulate the digital signal to analog signal and demodulate the analog to digital signal. Network Interface Card – A network interface card connects your computer to a network or the Internet. It is a circuit board installed in a computer. It is also called network interface controller, network adapter or LAN adapter. We connect to network with a unique id called MAC id (Media Access Control), we get this MAC id from the ROM chip which is ...

Python Programming Today we will focus on the topic: Programming Language Programming language which consists of a set of instruction that produces various kinds of output. So, before starting this topic let us understand what language is: Language is a type of medium used for communication. If a person wants to say or order something then he must know any language like Hindi, English, Bengali, etc. same as we compare with the computer language we should also know the language of computer which are C, C++, Java, Visual Basic, Python, etc. to give the command to the computer as we know that the computer cannot run on its own. You must be knowing that the language of computer is divided into three parts:   Machine Language or Low Level Language Assembly Language or Middle Level Language High Level Language Machine language is a programming language consists of binary digit i.e. 0 and 1. The computer accepts and responds to this code simultaneousl...

What is Computer? Computer is an electronic machine(device), which helps us to do calculation and save data. OR C omputer is a machine or device that performs processes, calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a software or hardware program. Parts of Computer -  Computer is basically divided into three main parts, Input, Processing and Output device or we can say that Input, Processing and Output device combined together to form Computer. Example -  Input Device - Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Scanner, etc. Processing Device - CPU, GPU, LAN card, Video card, etc. Output Device - Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector, etc. As, from the definition of computer we have learned that computer can receive data as Input and display data on Output device, but what is data? What is Data? Data is a type of information which we can send in the computer through the Input device and send out from the computer through the Output device i...

Types of Network Protocol Network protocols are formal rules, procedures and formats that define communication between two or more devices over a network. Network protocols govern the end to end process of network communication. There are wide ranges of protocol used in network communication some are given below: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – The File Transfer Protocol or FTP is a protocol used for transferring files from one computer to another computer. FTP is the preferred method of exchanging files because it is faster than other protocols like HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) or POP (Post Office Protocol). Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – This protocol is used for sending e-mail messages between servers. Most e-mail systems that send mail over the Internet use SMTP to send messages from one server to another. The messages can then be retrieved with an e-mail client using either POP or IMAP . POP is the short form of Post Office Protocol, a protocol used t...

Difference between Internet and Intranet? Internet refers to a global network that connects a large number of computers, by using routers. All computers on the internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Intranet is similar to internet but they differ in size and ownership. Intranet is also a computer network (especially LAN) which is privately owned by a particular individual or an organization. Intranet uses TCP/IP for sending and receiving information but it is accessible to organization members only.

What is Internet? Internet refers to a global network that connects a large number of computers, by using routers. All computers on the internet communicate with one another using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Evolution of Internet The foundation of the internet was given in the year 1969 when the US Department of Defence sponsored a project to connect itself with the different universities to share information with their colleagues in other U.S. cities. The project was named ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Network) .The main motive behind this project was to develop a secure network that survives and works even after nuclear attack. By 1971 there were 30 universities participating in ARPANET. Computers in ARPANET use certain rules to communicate with each other. These set of rules are termed as Protocols. The protocol used by ARPANET was NCP (National Control Protocol). By the time NCP was out of use and TCP/IP came into the world of net...

What is computer network? A computer network is composed of multiple computers connected together for the purpose of communication, sharing data and resources, etc. The computers in a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves or infrared light beams. Advantages of computer network: Communication - People use networks to communicate with each other by exchanging messages and information. We can take the example of a whatsapp group, video conferencing software like imo, skype, google duo, etc. In this type of software each all of us are connected with each other sharing our ideas, thoughts, discussing some topics, etc. Sharing of hardware resources - Networking of computers enables users to share hardware resources like scanners, printers, etc. Eg. Suppose there are two computer systems in your house if you want to give print then you need a printer. So what would you do, you will buy two printers for the two computer, no you will not do this because...

Object Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to a programming methodology based on objects, instead of just functions. These objects are created by classes for data controlling and access to code. Most programming language supports OOP like Java, C++, PHP, etc.

Record sets are the basic foundation of database programming. Normally all business application need to store large volume of data, organised in a format that simplify retrieval of data, this is accomplished with a Database Management System (DBMS). It is a mechanism for manipulating tabular database with high level commands. The database management system hides low level details such as how data are stored in a database and free's the programmer to concentrate on managing information, rather than on the specific of manipulating files or maintaining link among them.

Types of DBMS According to the structure the DBMS is divided into four categories: 1. Hierarchical Database 2. Network Database 3. Relational Database 4. Object-oriented Database 1. Hierarchical Database – In hierarchical database, records contain information about their groups of parent or child relationship just like as a tree. The structure implies that a record can have repeating information. 2. Network Database – A network databases are mainly used on large digital computers. A network database model is a database model that allows multiple records to be linked to the same owner file. The network database follows many to many relationship model, and because of many to many relationship model network database model can easily access any table record in the database. It is easier to navigate and search for information because of flexibility. It is suitable in complex data because of the multiple relationship founded among its data. 3. Relational Databas...

DBMS A DBMS (Database Management System) is a collection of programs that enables you to store, modify and extract information from a database. In simple words we can say that the DBMS is a type of system which manages the data in database like to add new data, modify the data and delete the existing data. DBMS can be used in many places like Banking to manage the records of the account and transaction, Schools to manage the record of the student and their fees, Payroll Management System to manage the details related to the employees like, attendance, salary, etc, and there are many more field we can use the facility DBMS.  Advantages of DBMS 1. Stop data redundancy and inconsistency – Data redundancy is a situation created within a database in which the same piece of data is present at two separate places. Here are two tables in a database in which a common field is present in the table i.e. “ Student_Name ”, so if you use this type of database structure then t...

What is Data? Data is a collection of facts or information which we input into the computer. Like name, age, gender, images, videos, etc. All these data's are stored in unorganized way in computer, but in database we can store all these data in an organised manner. What is Database? Database is a collection of information that is organised so that it can be easily accessed, managed and updated. Formally the database refers to the set of related data organized in a manner. Access to these data is usually provided by a system called Database Management System(DBMS).